Medical Image of the Week: Evolution of Low Grade Adenocarcinoma

Figure 1. Coned down chest CT images. Panels a-d: small ground glass focus in the right upper lobe demonstrating slow growth over a period of 10 years (yellow arrows) and gradual development of a soft tissue component (red arrows).

Ground glass lesions above 5 mm in greatest diameter found on chest computed tomography (CT) require initial followed up in 3 months according to the Fleischner Society Guidelines, to exclude a transient inflammatory focus (1). If persistent, surveillance for at least 24 months to confirm stability is recommended. Any change in size or density should warrant further action, ideally surgical consultation, given the suboptimal yield of percutaneous biopsy and risk of inappropriate staging if the whole lesion is not examined. This may result in the inability to recognize the transition from in-situ adenocarcinoma into minimally invasive or invasive lesions, which in turn results in inaccurate staging and prognosis.

Diana Palacio MD, Berndt Schmit MD, and Veronica Arteaga MD

Department of Medical Imaging

Banner-University Medical Center Tucson

Tucson, AZ USA

Reference

1. MacMahon H, Austin JH, Gamsu G, Herold CJ, Jett JR, Naidich DP, Patz EF Jr, Swensen SJ; Fleischner Society. Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology. 2005 Nov;237(2):395-400. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Cite as: Palacio D, Schmit B, Arteaga V. Medical image of the week: evolution of low grade adenocarcinoma. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2017;14(3):103. doi: https://doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc026-17 PDF 

Medical Image of the week: Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis

Figure 1. Chest radiography showing upper lobe fibrosis and cavitation secondary to chronic histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis is endemic to the Midwest US and commonly causes an acute infection that presents as a subacute pneumonia.  In patients with underlying lung disease, particularly COPD, a subacute pneumonia can evolve into chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and is characterized by persistent or recurrent pulmonary symptoms, progressive lung infiltrates, fibrosis, and cavitation. Upper lobe infiltrates and cavities are characteristic, resembling the findings in tuberculosis (Figure 1). Progression is manifested by cavity enlargement, increased fibrosis and bronchopleural fistulae.  Misdiagnosis delays therapy and can be catastrophic.  Histoplasmosis titers and sputum cultures are useful tests.  Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for culture may be needed when diagnosis remains elusive.

Kenneth S. Knox, MD¹ and Veronica A. Arteaga, MD²

¹Professor of Medicine

University of Arizona College of Medicine- Phoenix

Phoenix, AZ USA

²Associate Professor of Medicine

Medical Imaging

University of Arizona College of Medicine- Tucson

Tucson, AZ USA

Cite as: Knox KS, Artega VA. Medical image of the week: chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 2017;14(3):88. doi: https://doi.org/10.13175/swjpcc022-17 PDF