Correct!
4. Bone marrow aspiration / biopsy

The persistent, even worsening over the previous months, macrocytic anemia, in the context of the patient’s symptoms, raises the possibility of a bone marrow abnormality.
Bone marrow biopsy was performed and showed hypercellular bone marrow with atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia, occasional granulocytic hypogranularity, mild basophilia, and 1-2% blasts. Dyserythropoiesis with multinucleation and internuclear bridges and nuclear fragmentation was noted. Cytogenic analysis showed 47XY, +8[20] karyotype and a Tier 1 mutation in U2AF1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed trisomy 8. No evidence of plasma cell dyscrasia or lymphoma was seen, but the bone marrow biopsy findings were interpreted as suggestive of myeloid dysplasia, specifically myelodysplasia with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD). Therapy with venetoclax and azacitidine was begun and stem cell transplant was discussed. Several months later the patient underwent repeat chest CT (Figure 5) for assessment of the effectiveness of antifungal therapy.

Figure 5. Left: Static images from axial unenhanced CT obtained 7 months after initial presentation. Right: Video of CT scan.

Which of the following represents an appropriate interpretationfor this examination? (Click on the correct answer to be directed to the ninth of fourteen pages).

  1. Unenhanced chest CT shows worsening right peribronchial and mediastinal lymph node enlargement
  2. Unenhanced chest CT shows worsening linear and interstitial abnormalities 
  3. Unenhanced chest CT shows new small symmetric pleural effusions
  4. Unenhanced chest CT shows new multifocal consolidation
  5. Unenhanced chest CT features suggesting developing fibrotic lung disease

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