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1. Thoracic CT shows that the solitary right upper lobe nodule contains calcium

The unenhanced thoracic CT shows that the right upper lobe nodule, measuring 18 mm, is lobulated, unassociated with dilated feeding arteries or draining veins, but does contain a small focus of calcification along its lateral aspect (see Figure 2C and 2K). The nodule may be closely associated with a bronchus along its deep aspect, and the nodule does have a vaguely tubular shape, but the nodule is not clearly an uncomplicated impacted bronchus. The nodule morphology is not consistent with a pulmonary varix, and the nodule does not appear to be connected to a pulmonary vein. Often isolated pulmonary varices are more centrally located, commonly occurring in the context of various causes of elevated left atrial pressure, particularly mitral valve disease.

Given the unenhanced thoracic CT findings, which of the following represents the most appropriate management step for the evaluation of this patient? (Click on the correct answer to proceed to the sixth of ten pages)

  1. Obtain 18FDG-PET scan
  2. Obtain surgical lung biopsy
  3. Obtain thoracic MRI
  4. Perform bronchoscopy
  5. Perform contrast-enhanced thoracic CT using a solitary pulmonary nodule protocol

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