Correct!
4. Stroke
Strokes are potential complication of AVMs but are not part of the criteria for diagnosing hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (formerly known as Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome). Epistaxis is spontaneous and recurrent in the setting of HHT. Telangiectasias are usually multiple and are seen on the nose, lips, oral mucosa, and fingers tips. Pulmonary AVMs are not invariably present in patients with HHT, and they can also be present systemically, such as the liver, spine, and brain. Family history in the context of HHT refers to a first degree relative. These are the 4 criteria for diagnosing HHT, with ”definite HHT” defined as three or more criteria present, “possible or suspected HHT” defined as two criteria present, and “HHT unlikely” if no or only 1 criterion is present. These clinical features have been deemed useful for discriminating affected from non-affected older adults and establishing the diagnosis in younger adults and children. More recently, HHT can be diagnosed with genetic testing, which has been useful in children and young patients that do not yet have the typical clinical manifestations.
Diagnosis: pulmonary AVM
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References